The Macana, or Paños de Gualaceo is a traditional shawl worn by women in Ecuador’s Azuay province. It is produced in Gualeceo county in the Azuay province, which located in the southern Andes of Ecuador. This fine cotton shawl features a white background adorned with bird motifs created using the ikat dyeing technique with indigo. its warp fringes (el fleco) are knotted in macramé and enhanced with needlework that displays vines, flower pots, and chicken motifs. In the past, threads made of black sisal (agave americano latino) were used to tie the ikat design on the cotton warp. The tying and dyeing of the ikat warp were done by women while the warping and weaving were done by men. Originally, the weaving was done on a backstrap loom with a circular warp. See additional information in “Paños de Gualaceo” by Dennis Penley (1988).